What Is Systemic Lupus?

When many of us think about "women's diseases" we generally conjure up breast cancer stories or osteoporosis stories. But did you know that women are nearly ten times more likely to develop systemic lupus than men? The disease is also most common in African-Americans and Asians. Lupus is a condition resulting from an autoimmune disease that causes the body to essentially attack itself, resulting in severe inflammation. At its worst, sufferers encounter diseases of the internal organs, such as the heart, kidneys and lungs (systemic lupus erythematosus). Other times, only the skin is affected; when only the skin is involved, the condition is called discoid lupus. Both forms are extremely painful and extremely visible.

So, you ask, what are the symptoms and signs of systemic lupus? In 5-10% of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, they develop red, bordered, non-itchy skin rashes on the face and scalp. This form of lupus is called "discoid lupus" and while painless, can cause permanent hair loss and scarring. Half the patients with systemic lupus have a red "butterfly rash" across the bridge of their nose and experience extreme sensitivity to sunlight. Most patients experience arthritis in their hands, wrists and feet.

More serious inflammation of organs occurs in the brain, liver, and kidneys. White blood cells and blood clotting factors also can be decreased in SLE, thereby increasing the risk of infection and bleeding. Inflamed muscles, blood vessels, lungs, kidneys and other body parts can cause internal injuries resulting in chest pain, fluid retention, high blood pressure, kidney failure, loss of appetite, seizures, comas, personality changes, fatigue, fever, numbness, hair loss and Raynaud's phenomenon (lack of blood supply and pain in the fingers and toes). The symptoms vary, depending on which part of the body is affected and the severity of the condition, of course.

If you suspect that you may have systemic lupus erythematosus, then you may be wondering how to prevent systemic lupus flares and progression. Most patients with SLE can lead healthy, active lives by taking various medications. Lifestyle modifications, like applying sunscreen and avoiding UV rays, visiting the doctor often, regularly getting a good night of sleep and frequently exercising are important in managing the symptoms. One of the most common mistakes occurs when patients abruptly stop taking their medication, so you should always consult your doctor before making hasty decisions that may cause a flare-up.

Medicines for systemic lupus come in many different varieties and are critical in diminishing chronic pain, preventing flare-ups and preventing long-term damage. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Ibuprofen produce the fewest side effects and reduce inflammation and pain in muscles, tissues and joints. When internal organs are affected by systemic lupus erythematosus, Corticosteroids are a more potent alternative to combat disease activity. Hydroxychloroquine is often prescribed for patients who suffer from fatigue, skin problems and joint disease.

One drug in particular (Plaquenil) has been found to decrease the frequency of abnormal blood clots caused by phospholipid antibodies. For persistent skin disease, chloroquine, quinacrine, retinoic acid and hydroxychloroquine can be administered. Furthermore, immunosuppressive medications are given to patients with the most severe, damaging forms of systemic lupus when internal organs are at risk. For any medication, be sure to monitor how you're feeling each day in a journal.